Soil resistivity and ground resistance for dry and wet. Standard test method for measurement of soil resistivity. Resap soil resistivity analysis ses safe engineering service. Resap soil resistivity analysis ses safe engineering. The electrical resistivity of a soil is a measure of its resistance to the flow of electrical current. Soil resistivity surveys provide valuable information in the design of the earth termination system. During this time, lcs has developed reliable techniques to. We can use this combined soil model to simulate fop. Therefore, is a critical factor in the design of systems that rely on passing current through the earths surface. Sescdegs how to do substation grounding grid analysis. This is a series of short posts on soil resistivity testing and the common mistakes encountered, with practical advice on how to avoid soil resistivity testing 10 common mistakes. Soil resistivity testing methods wenner 4 probe tester.
Computer aided design of transformer station grounding system. In contrast, the least corrosive so lis are well aerated well drained an seem to be in areas of high annul precipitation hlch causes the salts to be washed away and mcreases the soil resistivity. Soil resistivity testing is determining that measure. Soil resistivity and ground resistance for dry and wet soil. Radexpro, seismic interpretation by deco geophysical.
Sap the asset management system used by electranet, which provides an asset register, routine maintenance programscheduling, defect management, work orders and financial reporting. Soil resistivity testing why measure soil resistivity. Zondres2d software for 2d resistivity and ip imaging. Soil model editor is a software tool that assists in the creation of the soil models for all relevant ses software computation modules. Re2cap is free software freeware that was designed and developed i for the area of electrical engineering. The annual change of multilayer earth structure parameters has also been calculated by the analysis of data of measurements. So, currently, the accepted practice for the data analysis method is to use specialist software tools. Chapter 3 soil resistivity interpretation using resap chapter 3 3 soil resistivity interpretation using resap 3. Re2cap is a graphical tool for a twolayer soil electrical resistivity modeling by the inversion of parameters by numerical methods. Autoground softwares resap soil resistivity analysis software. Page iv revision record date version number revision level august 1995 1 0 october 1997 1 1 october 1997 2 0 january 1999 7 0 january 2000 8 0 november 2002 10 0 june 2004 11 0 december 2006 0 january 2012 14 0 january 2012 14 1.
Computer aided design of transformer stations grounding. The type of anode and number of anodes required peabody, 1959, the length and diameter of the backfill column, and the voltage rating of the rectifier and power cost are all influenced by the soil resistance van nouhuys, 1953. Resap is normally used to determine equivalent earth structure models based on measured soil resistivity data. Soil resistivity testing services liberty consulting services lcs has conducted extensive electrical soil resistivity testing for many years, in some of the most difficult soil conditions australia has to offer. Electrical tomography resistivity imaging is technique including both the method of field observations and technology of processing and field resistivity and ip data interpretation. Page iv revision record date version number revision level september 1996 1 0 october 1996 1 1 december 1997 2 0 december 1998 7 0 january 1999 7 1 january 2000 8 0 september 2000 9 0 november 2002 10 0 may 2003 10 1 june 2004 11 0. It is a critical factor in design of systems that rely on passing current through the earths surface. Via cristoforo colombo, 106 36061 bassano del grappa vi. Resap compares field data to apparent resistivities produced by different soil models, and automatically determines a soil structure yielding a closely matching electric surface response. Grounding grid analysis toolbox edition 2012 release. A short description of the module functions is given hereafter. Xgslab vs cdegs soil resistivity analysis download summary. Analysis of soil resistivity and its impact on grounding systems design.
Application software packages cdegs service provider. Geophysical and geostatistical software landviser, llc. Soil resistivity testing service liberty consulting. Line constants for overhead and buried conductors or complex pipeenclosed cable arrangements. The measured soil resistivity values were then used to evaluate the ground resistance values of a grounding grid with rod for. We also an authorized distributor for a number of special software for interpretation of geophysical surveys such as res2dinv and res3dinv, resistivity inversion imaging by geotomo software malaysia. Variation of soil resistivity and ground resistance during. It is also part 3 in a series of short posts on soil resistivity testing methods. Is using cdegs for design of the substation earthing. Soil resistivity may affect the material selection and the location of a structure.
These soil models can be used to analyze grounding systems, conduct cathodic protection studies, examine electromagnetic induction emi problems and compute line parameters. Substation grounding design soil resistivity model3. Laboratory analysis was performed under hdr laboratory number 140476lab and the test results are shown in the attached table 1. Soil resistivity survey, analysis and earth termination system design.
Cymgrd simulation software is then used to determine the. Cdegs also includes input and output processors and utilities e. We can combine all 4 traverses points to develop a single three layer soil model using a software like resap modele of cdegs software resap is normally used to determine equivalent earth structure models based on measured soil resistivity data or any other software. Power systems analysis and simulation software are ubiquitous in electrical engineering practice. It also adds a resistivity measurement analysis module that converts measured data into a suitable soil. The resap soil resistivity analysis computation module is used to determine equivalent earth structure models based on measured soil resistivity data. Resap module used for soil resistivity analysis from the field measurements click on toolbox under data entry toolbar click on resap.
Cdegs c urrent d istribution, e lectromagnetic interference, g rounding and s oil structure analysis is a powerful set of integrated software tools designed to accurately analyze a variety of electromagnetic related problems encountered in all industries involving electric networks. In figure 1, the module shows the soil resistivity curve which interpret the soil. With the wenner fourpole equalmethod, the soil resistivity is measured at both selected sites, one of which contains wet soil while the other contains dry soil. World academy of science, engineering and technology. I would use 100 ohmmeter for the bottom soil model item d. Soil resistivity analysis and soil structure interpretation. Appendix a provides chapter 3 soil resistivity interpretation using resap page 33 appropriate databases. Originally published in 20 and now updated in 2020.
Astm g187 18 standard test method for measurement of. Figure 11 shows the entire soil resistivity formula in. Grounding software, the soil resistivity interpretation module resap is used to. A major factor in determining soil corrosivity is electrical resistivity. Landviser, llc has developed a 1d interpretation software for soil vertical electrical sounding ives, which available for free download. A variety of advanced solvers provide adapted approaches to. An understanding of the soil resistivity and how it varies with depth in the soil is necessary to design the grounding system in an electrical substation, or for lightning conductors. Pdf analysis of soil resistivity and its impact on. Distribution electromagnetic interference grounding and soil structure analysis software. In order to run redox g200, the redox probe needs to penetrate the soil. Once all the soil resistivity data is collected, the following formula can be applied to calculate the apparent soil resistivity in ohmmeters. Soil resistivity as related to underground corrosion and. Resap is used to determine equivalent earth structure models based on measured soil resistivity data. Soil resistivity is a measure of how much the soil resists the flow of electricity.
What is soil resistivity test and how is the testing done the resistance of an earth electrode is related to the resistivity of the soil in which it is placed and driven, and thus soil resistivity calculations and measurements is a crucial aspect when designing earthing installations. This package includes everything found in the uniform soil package and adds the ability to model soil structures composed of two horizontal layers. The cdegs software package current distribution, electromagnetic fields, grounding and soil structure analysis is a powerful set of integrated engineering software tools designed to. Converting to two layer soil resistivity model electric. Initially, they were used to quickly solve the nonlinear load flow problem and calculate short circuit currents, but their use has been extended to many other areas such as power system stability, protection and coordination, contingency reliability, economic modelling, etc. Brief descriptions of the soil types that can be modeled with soilmodeleditor are provided below. What is soil resistivity test and how is the testing done.
Measured apparent earth resistivity data is performed and analyzed using the resap module of the cdegs software. Soil resistance is one of the most important factors in selecting a groundbed location. Perfect soil model perfect soil is a special uniform soil where the earth is a metallic medium. Wenner 4 probe test is one of the most common soil resistivity testing methods. Analysis the configuration of earthing system based on highlow and lowhigh. Electromagnetic interference grounding and soil structure analysis software. Pdf soil resistivity and ground resistance for dry and. Download table layered soil model from resap module from publication.
Soil layer resistivity calculated by resap is the initial data. The soil resistivity values prevailing on a site are utilised to determine the various layers of soil, corrosiveness and homogeneousness of the soil. Simplified fault current distribution analysis malt. Marshy soils have low resistance, while rocky soils may have resistance of. An allinone suite of software packages by the world leaders in power system grounding and interference analysis.
The cdegs software package current distribution, electromagnetic fields, grounding and soil structure analysis is a powerful set of. In this paper, soil resistivity and ground resistance at two different sites near an electrical substation are measured using a grounding system grid with and without rods. This leaves me to come with an equivalent top soil not surface soil resistivity value based on items ac. Layered soil model from resap module download table. International journal of electrical, computer, energetic, electronic and communication engineering. I mean can i reduce the used copper and justify it or not. Is using cdegs for design of the substation earthing system economically more beneficial compared to using ieee80 formulas. Measurements of soil resistivity variation as a function of time, at certain characteristic locations, have been carried out. Resistivity ip surveying is a versatile geophysical method that is suitable for a broad range of applications. Abem resistivity ip solutions come prefigured for common applications ranging from groundwater and mineral exploration to infrastructure site investigations, and are customizable using highend multichannel 3d timelapse. The measured apparent soil resistivity as a function of the electrodes spacing value calculated with the above formula.
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